Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of a few dozen conditions of different severity characterized by clicking in the jaw and tenderness in the chewing muscles. TDM may lead to masticatory system dysfunctions and recurring headaches, significantly affecting the quality of life.
According to NIH statistics, about 34% of the world population suffers from TMDs, and they are more widespread among females. Many research studies have revealed the complex nature of these conditions, including biological, psychological, and socioeconomic factors. Still, the exact mechanisms of TMD development are poorly studied at present.
However, the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research recently published research that found and proved one of the direct causes of TDMs – jaw shape.
How does it work – read below.
Research details
Scientists collected 80 jawbones 3D scans of two groups of people – with and without the condition. Then, researchers created a special AI tool that analyzes received imaginary data, seeking structural differences between two participants' parties.
The algorithm found three areas of the lower jawbone that have specific physiological features in people with TMD:
- Smaller lower jawbones. People with this structural feature must put more force on the joint to achieve appropriate bite strength.
- Smaller and flatter condyles. Less surface area makes it difficult to deliver force evenly, causing additional pressure on the joint.
- Molecular differences. People with smaller jaws may have less oxygen and nutrients essential for the jaw joint cartilage. Additionally, these patients may have higher levels of molecules responsible for muscle fatigue.
What's next?
An AI algorithm that can simulate physiological features of the masticatory system organically is powerful software that may shed light on other TDM causes in further research. In the future, scientists hope to adapt it to diagnostic needs, making it an assistant tool that can help detect TDMs and provide treatment insights for dentists.
Additionally, the research team will use this program to evaluate other possible causes of TDMs, including chewing muscles, inflammation levels, psychological stress, and pain perception.
